Women are kept from many of the higher academic places men are in; just historical “old boys clubs” staying with ‘the boys’. Particularly true with networking clubs / organizations which promote advancement to those in the clubs and not outside.
As far as lower among men, I suspect the girls are pulled out of the academic system sooner and so a lot of girls/women just won’t show up as represented in these kinds of measurements.
They may be kept invisible by their family as well being used for domestic duties