“Tools=Theories=Data? On Some Circular Dynamics in Cognitive Science”
“Moreover, instead of the theories being evaluated by data gathered by means of seemingly neutral research tools, there is a bias towards theories which match with the functioning or uses of specific research tools, a bias which is sometimes reinforced by data which can only be produced by the new tools. Scientists should be aware of such a dynamics in order to avoid circularities in their theorizing”
https://www.academia.edu/201193/Tools_Theories_Data_On_Some_Circular_Dynamics_in_Cognitive_Science