These are all examples of concepts that could be considered fundamental to our understanding of the world. Space and time are fundamental to our understanding of the world and how objects and events relate to one another. Causality is the idea that events in the world have causes and effects, and is fundamental to our understanding of how the world works. Identity is the idea that we have a unique and distinct self that is separate from other people and things in the world, and is fundamental to our understanding of who we are.
Value is the idea that certain things in the world are valuable or important to us, and is fundamental to our understanding of what is worth striving for and pursuing. Motion is the idea of objects and events changing and moving in the world, and is fundamental to our understanding of how the world works. Change is the idea that the world and its objects and events evolve and change over time, and is fundamental to our understanding of the world and how it evolves.
Quantity is the idea of objects and events that can be counted and measured, and is fundamental to our understanding of how the world works. Emotion is the idea of our own mental states and the mental states of others, and is fundamental to our understanding of our own mental experiences and the experiences of others. Mind and consciousness are the ideas of our own mental experiences and the ability to be aware of the world, and are fundamental to our understanding of ourselves and the world.
Matter and energy are the fundamental building blocks of the physical world, and are fundamental to our understanding of the world and how it works. Life and biology are the ideas of living organisms and the processes that sustain them, and are fundamental to our understanding of the world and how it functions. Evolution is the idea that living organisms change and adapt over time, and is fundamental to our understanding of the history and development of life on earth.
Perception is the idea of how we understand and interpret sensory information from the world around us, and is fundamental to our understanding of our own experiences and the world. Language is the idea of using symbols and sounds to communicate with others, and is fundamental to our understanding of how we communicate and interact with others. Culture is the idea of the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society, and is fundamental to our understanding of the world and how it is organized and structured.