Well, versions of it can certainly be found in ancient religious texts.
Ezekiel’s vision:
“The appearance of the wheels and their workings was like the color of beryl, and all four had the same likeness. The appearance of their workings was, as it were, a wheel within the middle of a wheel”
Sounds like a description of the visual (not time) fourth dimension to me.
Some of the stuff that came out of India around that time had some of that nature as well – pretty sophisticated systems of thought that were definitely involving multiple simultaneous perspectives.
I don’t believe our biological capability to think stuff has changed. Just the way we go about it.