” How would one write it out formally “? I don’t know how to do that. But this is a case for some form of Intuitionistic Logic. It is more robust for this kind of situation. Consider that computing itself is Intuitionistic by its nature, although that is an aside. Databases, which can hold multiple truths for the same value, but in different slots that are processed at different times – are an example of intuitionistic logic in action via a common computing function. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitionistic_logic

But this is a case for some form of Intuitionistic Logic. It is more robust for this kind of situation. Consider that computing itself is Intuitionistic by its nature, although that is an aside.

Databases, which can hold multiple truths for the same value, but in different slots that are processed at different times – are an example of intuitionistic logic in action via a common computing function.