- Hermeneutics: interpretation
- Structuralism: structures
- Poststructuralism: deconstruction
- Cognitive science: mind
- Neurophilosophy: neuroscience
- Phenomenology of religion: religious experience
- Deconstruction: ambiguity
- Actor-network theory: networks
- Posthumanism: humanity
- Critical pedagogy: education
- Discourse analysis: language
- Marxism: capitalism
- Intersectionality: identity
- Psychoanalysis: unconscious
- Queer theory: sexuality
- Environmentalism: ecology
- Postcolonialism: colonialism
- Cybernetics: feedback
- Chaos theory: complexity
- Ecological perspectives: environment
- Narrative inquiry: storytelling
- Postpositivism: falsifiability
- Feminist standpoint theory: perspective
- Critical race theory: race
- Anarchism: hierarchy
- Libertarianism: liberty
- Communitarianism: community
- Pluralism: diversity
- Cosmopolitanism: global citizenship
- Globalism: globalization
- Localism: local community
- Interdisciplinarity: interdisciplinary