| 1. Generative Grammar: feature-based analysis, formal semantics, lexical decomposition |
| 2. Functional Linguistics: semantic categories, prototypes, semantic networks, systemic networks |
| 3. Cognitive Linguistics: embodiment, image schemas, metaphor, metonymy, mental spaces |
| 4. Semiotics: signification, denotation, connotation, symbol, icon, index |
| 5. Distributional Semantics: co-occurrence patterns, distributional similarity, word embeddings, neural networks |
| 6. Pragmatics: context, implicature, presupposition, deixis, speech acts, conversational implicature, politeness theory |
| 7. Anthropological Linguistics: ethnosemantics, lexical fields, cultural models, semantic universals |
| 8. Construction Grammar: lexical units, constructional meaning, frame semantics |
| 9. Computational Linguistics: word sense disambiguation, semantic role labeling, information extraction, question answering |
| 10. Psycholinguistics: lexical access, semantic memory, lexical ambiguity, lexical processing |